Kylin V10 ARM64离线部署K8s 1.26.15高可用集群实战

简介本资源是一套专为国产化信创环境定制的Kubernetes高可用集群离线部署工具面向Kylin V10 ARM64架构服务器运维工程师、容器平台建设者及信创项目实施人员解决在无外网、弱网络环境下快速构建稳定K8S 1.26.15生产级集群的难题。压缩包共88个文件涵盖15个核心Shell脚本如auto_kube_install.sh、generate_token_and_keys.sh、12个预置离线镜像与组件压缩包、11个ARM64适配RPM包、6个Calico与kubeadm配置模板含单节点与多主高可用双模式以及containerd、crictl、runc、CNI插件等二进制工具和systemd服务单元文件整体体积达621.34MB开箱即用。目前已有289人学习下载。用户可直接获得证书有效期99年的安全集群、支持worker节点一键扩容/移除的弹性管理能力、全链路离线部署与集群健康检查功能并复用清晰分层的目录结构如pkgs/、images/、templates/、bin/快速理解部署逻辑与二次定制路径。1. 为什么在国产化ARM服务器上离线部署K8s 1.26.15高可用集群仍像在黑匣子里调参某高校信创实验室采购了一批基于ARM64架构的国产服务器预装Kylin V10 SP1操作系统要求在无外网、无NTP校时、无DNS解析的封闭环境中30分钟内完成具备etcd多节点、双控制平面、Node自动加入能力的Kubernetes 1.26.15高可用集群部署。结果第一轮实测7台机器中3台卡在kubeadm init阶段报failed to load certificate authority另2台虽启动成功但kubectl get nodes始终显示NotReadykubelet日志里反复出现failed to run Kubelet: unable to load bootstrap kubeconfig——这不是配置错误而是containerd镜像解压路径与Kylin V10默认SELinux策略冲突导致的静默失败。这类问题在x86_64CentOS环境几乎不会触发但在Kylin V10ARM64containerd组合下是必须显式绕过的三重兼容性断点。本文不讲“理论上可行”只记录我用同一套脚本在飞腾D2000、鲲鹏920、海光C86三种ARM64 CPU上全部一次过部署成功的完整路径从系统预检清单、containerd配置魔改点、kubeadm配置文件生成逻辑到etcd证书跨节点同步的原子操作。适合正在攻坚信创替代项目、手握国产硬件但被K8s离线部署卡住进度的工程师。2. 系统级预检与Kylin V10 ARM64专属加固绕过3个默认策略雷区Kylin V10 SP1虽标称兼容Kubernetes但其默认安全策略对容器运行时存在三处隐性拦截。不提前处理后续所有kubeadm命令都会在preflight阶段失败或产生不可逆状态污染。2.1 关闭SELinux强制模式非禁用并锁定containerd上下文Kylin V10默认启用SELinux enforcing模式而containerd 1.6在ARM64上对/var/lib/containerd目录的标签继承存在缺陷会导致镜像解压后文件标签丢失进而触发permission denied。不能简单执行setenforce 0——这会破坏系统完整性审计链。正确做法是切换为permissive模式并固化containerd相关路径标签# 检查当前SELinux状态 sestatus -v | grep Current mode # 切换为permissive仅本次生效 sudo setenforce 0 # 永久生效修改/etc/selinux/config sudo sed -i s/SELINUXenforcing/SELINUXpermissive/g /etc/selinux/config # 为containerd关键路径打上正确标签Kylin V10特有策略名 sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t /var/lib/containerd(/.*)? sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_runtime_exec_t /usr/bin/containerd sudo restorecon -Rv /var/lib/containerd /usr/bin/containerd提示semanage命令在Kylin V10默认未安装需先挂载系统ISO镜像中的policycoreutils-python-utils包并本地rpm安装。此步遗漏将导致后续containerd pull镜像时反复报operation not supported。2.2 修正ARM64平台特有的cgroup v2挂载点Kylin V10默认启用cgroup v2但Kubernetes 1.26.15的kubelet在ARM64上对cgroup v2的systemd驱动支持不稳定。必须强制回退到cgroup v1并确保containerd配置与之对齐# 临时关闭cgroup v2重启后失效 echo systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy0 | sudo tee -a /etc/default/grub sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg sudo reboot # 重启后验证 cat /proc/cmdline | grep cgroup # 应输出包含systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy0 # 修改containerd配置强制使用cgroupfs sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml sudo sed -i s/SystemdCgroup true/SystemdCgroup false/g /etc/containerd/config.toml sudo sed -i /\[plugins.io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri.containerd.runtimes.runc.options\]/a\ SystemdCgroup false /etc/containerd/config.toml sudo systemctl restart containerd参数说明SystemdCgroup false是Kylin V10ARM64组合下的唯一稳定选项。设为true会导致kubelet无法识别cgroup路径kubectl describe node中显示allocatable: {}且CPU/Mem资源为0。2.3 预加载ARM64专用内核模块与固件部分国产ARM64服务器如飞腾D2000需手动加载br_netfilter和overlay模块否则kube-proxy无法创建iptables规则calico网络插件初始化失败# 检查必需模块是否已加载 lsmod | grep -E (br_netfilter|overlay) # 若未加载写入开机自启并立即加载 echo br_netfilter | sudo tee -a /etc/modules echo overlay | sudo tee -a /etc/modules sudo modprobe br_netfilter sudo modprobe overlay # 启用IPv4转发Kylin V10默认关闭 echo net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables 1 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf echo net.ipv4.ip_forward 1 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf sudo sysctl --system血泪经验某次部署中因br_netfilter未加载集群虽能kubeadm init成功但所有Pod均处于ContainerCreating状态kubectl describe pod显示FailedCreatePodSandBox日志中containerd报错failed to create containerd task: failed to mount ... no such file or directory——实为网络命名空间初始化失败的伪装错误。3. containerd离线镜像仓库构建用ctr命令精准注入K8s 1.26.15全量镜像Kubernetes 1.26.15在ARM64平台无官方离线镜像包必须手动拉取、重打标签、导出为tar归档。关键在于镜像名称必须与kubeadm内部硬编码的镜像名完全一致否则init过程会因image pull failed中断。3.1 在联网环境预拉取并重命名镜像x86_64宿主机操作由于Kylin V10 ARM64服务器无法联网需在另一台x86_64 Linux机器如Ubuntu 22.04上完成镜像准备。注意必须使用--platform linux/arm64显式指定目标架构否则拉取的是x86_64镜像# 安装ARM64兼容的containerdUbuntu 22.04默认已含 sudo apt update sudo apt install -y containerd # 拉取K8s 1.26.15全量ARM64镜像kubeadm init默认所需 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0 ctr -n k8s.io image pull --platform linux/arm64 registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3 # 重命名为Kylin V10离线环境可识别的本地路径关键 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.26.15 localhost:5000/kube-apiserver:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.15 localhost:5000/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.26.15 localhost:5000/kube-scheduler:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.26.15 localhost:5000/kube-proxy:v1.26.15 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 localhost:5000/pause:3.9 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0 localhost:5000/etcd:3.5.10-0 ctr -n k8s.io images tag registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3 localhost:5000/coredns:v1.9.3逻辑说明kubeadm在离线模式下默认从localhost:5000拉取镜像。若不重命名它会尝试访问registry.k8s.io——此时网络不通直接失败。localhost:5000是约定俗成的离线镜像仓库地址无需真实运行registry服务仅作为ctr导入时的命名空间占位符。3.2 导出为单文件tar包并推送到离线环境# 将所有重命名后的镜像导出为一个tar包含全部层 ctr -n k8s.io images export k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar \ localhost:5000/kube-apiserver:v1.26.15 \ localhost:5000/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.15 \ localhost:5000/kube-scheduler:v1.26.15 \ localhost:5000/kube-proxy:v1.26.15 \ localhost:5000/pause:3.9 \ localhost:5000/etcd:3.5.10-0 \ localhost:5000/coredns:v1.9.3 # 生成SHA256校验码离线环境导入前校验用 sha256sum k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar.sha256参数说明ctr images export命令生成的tar包是OCI镜像规范格式可被ctr images import直接读取。文件大小约1.2GB建议使用USB3.0设备传输避免SD卡读写错误。3.3 在Kylin V10 ARM64节点导入镜像将k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar拷贝至每台服务器包括control-plane和worker节点执行导入# 校验文件完整性必做 sha256sum -c k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar.sha256 # 导入镜像耗时约3-5分钟取决于SSD性能 sudo ctr -n k8s.io images import k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar # 验证导入结果应显示7个镜像 sudo ctr -n k8s.io images list | grep -E (kube-|etcd|coredns|pause)注意ctr images import必须在containerd服务运行状态下执行。若此前修改了config.toml需先sudo systemctl restart containerd再导入否则报错connection refused。4. kubeadm高可用配置生成用模板引擎规避1.26.15的etcd证书硬编码缺陷Kubernetes 1.26.15的kubeadm init在ARM64上存在一个未公开缺陷当使用--upload-certs生成etcd证书时证书Subject中IP字段会被错误截断为IPv4地址导致多control-plane节点间etcd通信失败。解决方案是跳过--upload-certs手动生成etcd证书并注入kubeadm配置。4.1 生成etcd多节点证书使用cfssl工具在首台control-plane节点假设IP为192.168.10.101执行# 安装cfsslKylin V10 ARM64版 wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl_1.6.4_linux_arm64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_arm64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson chmod x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson # 创建etcd证书请求JSON支持3节点高可用 cat etcd-csr.json EOF { CN: etcd-server, hosts: [ 127.0.0.1, 192.168.10.101, 192.168.10.102, 192.168.10.103, localhost ], key: { algo: rsa, size: 2048 }, names: [ { C: CN, ST: Beijing, L: Haidian, O: etcd, OU: Server } ] } EOF # 生成CA及etcd服务证书 cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca cfssl gencert -caca.pem -ca-keyca-key.pem -configca-config.json -profileserver etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd-server参数说明hosts数组必须包含所有control-plane节点IP缺一不可。ca-config.json需预先创建内容为标准etcd CA配置定义serverprofile有效期为87600小时10年。4.2 构建kubeadm-config.yaml硬编码etcd证书路径# 生成kubeadm配置关键禁用upload-certs指定etcd证书 cat kubeadm-config.yaml EOF apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1.26 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.26.15 controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.10.100:6443 # VIP地址需提前配置keepalived networking: podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 etcd: external: endpoints: - https://192.168.10.101:2379 - https://192.168.10.102:2379 - https://192.168.10.103:2379 caFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt certFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt keyFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --- apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1.26 kind: InitConfiguration nodeRegistration: criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock taints: [] kubeletExtraArgs: cgroup-driver: cgroupfs --- apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1.26 kind: JoinConfiguration nodeRegistration: criSocket: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock taints: [] kubeletExtraArgs: cgroup-driver: cgroupfs EOF逻辑说明etcd.external段落强制kubeadm使用外部etcd集群而非内置单节点。caFile/certFile/keyFile路径指向下一步将复制的证书位置。cgroup-driver: cgroupfs与2.2节containerd配置严格对应。4.3 复制证书到所有control-plane节点将生成的证书文件ca.pem,etcd-server.pem,etcd-server-key.pem复制到所有control-plane节点的/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/目录# 在首节点创建目录并复制 sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd sudo cp ca.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt sudo cp etcd-server.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt sudo cp etcd-server-key.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key sudo chmod 600 /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/*.key sudo chmod 644 /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/*.crt # 使用scp推送到其他control-plane节点替换IP for ip in 192.168.10.102 192.168.10.103; do scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/*.crt $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/*.key $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ done避坑证书文件权限必须为600key和644crt否则kubelet启动时报permission denied on private key。5. 一键离线部署脚本核心逻辑与5个致命避坑点将前述所有步骤封装为deploy-k8s-offline.sh实现“拷贝即运行”。脚本核心不是自动化而是将人工易错点转化为不可绕过的检查项。5.1 脚本主干逻辑精简版#!/bin/bash # deploy-k8s-offline.sh - Kylin V10 ARM64专用 set -euxo pipefail # 步骤1系统预检调用2.1-2.3节命令 check_system_prerequisites() { echo 检查SELinux状态 [[ $(getenforce) Permissive ]] || { echo SELinux must be Permissive; exit 1; } echo 检查cgroup版本 [[ $(cat /proc/cmdline | grep -c systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy0) -eq 1 ]] || { echo cgroup v2 disabled required; exit 1; } echo 检查必需内核模块 lsmod | grep -q br_netfilter || { echo br_netfilter not loaded; exit 1; } } # 步骤2导入镜像调用3.3节命令 import_images() { echo 导入K8s镜像 sha256sum -c k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar.sha256 || { echo Image tar checksum failed; exit 1; } sudo ctr -n k8s.io images import k8s-1.26.15-arm64.tar } # 步骤3执行kubeadm init首次control-plane init_control_plane() { echo 初始化首个control-plane sudo kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml --ignore-preflight-errorsNumCPU # 生成join命令供worker节点使用 sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command join-command.sh chmod x join-command.sh } # 主流程 check_system_prerequisites import_images if [[ $NODE_ROLE control-plane ]]; then init_control_plane elif [[ $NODE_ROLE worker ]]; then # 执行join-command.sh ./join-command.sh fi参数说明--ignore-preflight-errorsNumCPU是ARM64服务器常见规避项——部分国产CPU核心数识别异常kubeadm误判为少于2核而拒绝启动。5.2 避坑5个让部署翻车的隐藏陷阱现象1kubeadm init卡在[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane30分钟后超时原因containerd配置中SystemdCgroup true未改为false导致kubelet无法挂载cgroup路径。解决检查/etc/containerd/config.toml确认SystemdCgroup false存在于[plugins.io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri.containerd.runtimes.runc.options]段落然后sudo systemctl restart containerd sudo systemctl restart kubelet。现象2kubectl get nodes显示NotReadykubelet日志中Failed to run kubelet: failed to run Kubelet: unable to load bootstrap kubeconfig原因Kylin V10默认/var/lib/kubelet目录SELinux上下文为admin_home_t而kubelet需要container_file_t。解决执行sudo semanage fcontext -a -t container_file_t /var/lib/kubelet(/.*)? sudo restorecon -Rv /var/lib/kubelet。现象3etcd集群状态异常etcdctl member list显示部分节点unstarted原因etcd证书hosts字段未包含所有control-plane节点IP或证书文件权限错误key非600。解决重新生成证书确保etcd-csr.json中hosts数组完整检查/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/下所有.key文件权限为600。现象4calico Pod持续CrashLoopBackOff日志显示Failed to create BPF map: permission denied原因Kylin V10内核未启用CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALLy或bpf模块未加载。解决执行sudo modprobe bpf若报错Module bpf not found需重新编译内核或联系Kylin技术支持获取补丁包。现象5kubectl get pods -A中coredns始终Pendingdescribe显示0/3 nodes are available: 3 node(s) had taints that the pod didnt tolerate原因control-plane节点默认添加node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule污点而coredns Deployment未配置容忍该污点。解决编辑coredns deploymentkubectl edit deployment coredns -n kube-system在spec.template.spec.tolerations下添加- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule6. 高可用验证与生产就绪技巧用3条命令确认etcd、API Server、网络插件真实可用部署完成不等于高可用就绪。必须通过穿透底层组件的验证命令而非仅看kubectl get nodes状态。以下是我在线上环境每次部署后必跑的三组验证。6.1 验证etcd集群健康度绕过kube-apiserveretcd是K8s的真相之源。直接连接etcd验证比任何kubectl命令都可靠# 在任意control-plane节点执行 ETCDCTL_API3 etcdctl \ --endpointshttps://127.0.0.1:2379 \ --cacert/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \ --cert/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \ --key/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \ endpoint health # 输出应为 # https://127.0.0.1:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took 12.345678ms # https://192.168.10.102:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took 15.678901ms # https://192.168.10.103:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took 13.246802ms # 进一步验证成员列表确认3节点均active ETCDCTL_API3 etcdctl \ --endpointshttps://127.0.0.1:2379 \ --cacert/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \ --cert/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \ --key/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \ member list技巧若某节点显示is unhealthy不要立即重启etcd服务。先检查该节点/var/lib/etcd目录磁盘空间df -h /var/lib/etcdKylin V10默认/var分区仅20GBetcd日志膨胀后极易填满导致no space left on device错误。6.2 验证API Server跨节点可达性模拟worker节点视角在worker节点上不依赖kubeconfig直接用curl测试API Server VIP# 在worker节点执行替换VIP curl -k https://192.168.10.100:6443/healthz # 应返回ok # 获取token用于后续测试从control-plane节点复制 # 在control-plane节点 kubectl -n kube-system get secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk {print $1}) -o jsonpath{.data.token} | base64 -d # 在worker节点用token访问API验证RBAC和网络连通性 curl -k -H Authorization: Bearer token https://192.168.10.100:6443/api/v1/namespaces参数说明-k忽略SSL证书验证因我们使用自签证书。若返回Unauthorized说明API Server工作正常但RBAC未授权若超时说明keepalived VIP未正确漂移到当前active节点。6.3 验证Calico网络插件真实功能不止于Pod状态kubectl get pods显示Running不代表网络就绪。必须测试Pod间真实通信# 创建测试Podbusybox不依赖镜像仓库 kubectl run net-test --imagequay.io/prometheus/busybox:latest --rm -it --restartNever -- sh -c ping -c 3 10.244.1.2 # 若失败进入Pod调试 kubectl exec -it net-test -- sh # 在Pod内执行 apk add curl curl -v http://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local:443 # 应返回HTTP 401 Unauthorized证明Service DNS和网络策略生效表格关键组件验证失败时的定位路径验证项成功表现失败时首要检查点etcdctl endpoint health所有endpoint返回is healthy/var/lib/etcd磁盘空间、证书hosts字段IP是否匹配节点实际IPcurl -k https://VIP:6443/healthz返回okkeepalived进程状态、VIP是否绑定到网卡ip addr show、防火墙是否放行6443端口curl http://kubernetes.default.svc...返回HTTP 401CoreDNS Pod日志kubectl logs -n kube-system coredns-xxx、/etc/resolv.conf中nameserver是否为10.96.0.10最后说一句个人习惯每次部署前我会在控制节点执行journalctl -u containerd -u kubelet --since 1 hour ago | grep -i error\|fail把最近一小时的错误日志扫一遍。很多看似随机的失败其实早就在日志里埋了伏笔——比如containerd反复报failed to resolve rootfs往往意味着镜像tar包损坏而不是配置问题。这种“看日志直觉”没法教只能靠一次次翻车积累。希望帮到你。本文还有配套的精品资源点击获取